素造建筑｜云南红河：方院—工业园区里的“四合院”-设计风向

“方院”位于云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州工业园区内，业主希望我们利用园区内的一个角落用地，设计一幢服务用房，在这个高度工业化的园区内营造一处安静的办公及休闲场所。

“Fang Courtyard” is located in the Industrial Park of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The client need us to design a service quarter in a corner area of the campus, as a independent place to work and relax.

命题：还原一座真实的房子

The Task：Restore it to a real house

当业主把我们带到一片深藏在工业园区内的工地，指着那栋一层主体混凝土框架已完工的“仿古四合院”说：我想让你们重新设计一座四合院。这时我们知道：他不只是想要传统意义上的四合院。于是命题便清晰起来——在基本不改变已建成的结构体系的前提下，设计一栋既适合现代工业园区环境，同时保有“四合院”空间特色，并兼顾办公及生活的房子。对我们而言，更重要的是，扒掉“仿古”的虚假的外壳，还原一座真实的院子。

When the client led us to a construction site tucked away in an industrial park, pointing to the concrete frame of a completed first floor ,and it will be built as a Imitation pseudo-classical buildings. When he told us that he want a quadrangle and invited us to redesign it. We realized he didn’t just want a quadrangle in the traditional sense. So the proposition became clear – to design a building that not only harmonizes with the modern industrial park environment but also retains the charm of a “quadrangle courtyard”, and also serves office and residential functions. For us, what’s more important is to strip away the false veneer of “pseudo-classical” and return it to a real house.

∇ 原四合院设计方案效果图，The previous design proposal rendering

∇ 建筑原始结构，The original structure of the building ©张雷

作文：封闭与开放

Proposal：Closure and Openness

我们首先面对的问题是：如何让一栋具备传统合院空间的建筑在一个现代工业园区的场地环境中显得合理而自然。在维持原始结构体系及建筑技术经济指标不变的前提下，扔掉仿古的壳，重新梳理功能空间。

Our first challenge was how to design a appropriate building with traditional “quadrangle” type within the context of a modern industrial park. On the premise of maintaining the original structural system and building technical and economic indicators unchanged, discard the shell of the antique courtyard and reorganize the functional space.

∇ 设计手稿，Sketches

传统“合院”空间对外封闭，景观内求，恰好可与界面封闭工业建筑构成形式上的协调。因此，外墙的开窗设计务求克制，加之景墙对入口界面的进一步统一净化，我们得以不失情趣地完成了与工业建筑的形态对话。

The traditional “quadrangle” space is closed off from the outside, with an inward focus on the courtyard landscape. This allows for a formal harmony with the closed industrial buildings. Therefore, we designed the windows with restraint and selectivity, and further clarified the entry interface with a clean dividing wall. We successfully maintained the aesthetic of the quadrangle while engaging in a dialogue with industrial architectures around.

∇ 封闭的外墙，Closed exterior walls ©张雷

∇ 克制的立面开窗，Restrained window opening ©张雷

∇ 景观内院，Inner courtyard ©张雷

在推门进院之前，我们希望获得一个与干净敦厚且尺度感模糊的外立面截然相反的灵动体验。于是在大门两侧嵌入镂空隔板，消解厚重墙体带来的沉闷。让视线有节制地穿透院墙，内景随步伐推进而时隐时现，空间序列逐渐展开。

Before entering the quadrangle, we wanted to create a vivid experience that contrasts with the pure, honest, and scale-ambiguous facade. So we inserted two hollow partitions on both sides of the gate, breaking up the heavy wall and adding a touch of lightness. This allowed controlled views into the quadrangle, with the inner scenery revealing itself as you walk through.

秩序与空间序列

Order and Spatial sequence

传统的云南民居有相对固定的制式，无论是昆明“一颗印”的“三间四耳倒八尺”，或是大理的“四合五天井”，都在形式上有其传统原型要求。设计在格局制式与空间轴线关系方面均严格对应传统。中庭四周一圈均分的柱列，形式虽不“古”，目的却还是用于强化传统天井空间的秩序中心的仪式性。交通组织也将“回马廊”的形式进行了当代演绎。

Traditional dwellings in Yunnan have relatively fixed form and standards, such as “Yikeyin” type in the central districts of Yunnan and dwellings of the Bai nationality in Dali, each with their own traditional prototypical requirements. In terms of layout and spatial axes, our design strictly adheres to these traditional models. The evenly spaced columns were designed around the central courtyard, while not a “ancient” form, it serve to reinforce the ritual significance of the traditional courtyard’s spatial form and standards. The transportation organization also reinterprets the “Horseshoe Gallery” of ancient times.

∇ 建筑平面秩序，The order of plan

在传统合院的秩序的基础上，我们试图构建出一个连续的游览序列：入口“甬道”——门厅——庭院——柱廊——小庭院——楼梯间——二层内廊。入院，办公、餐厅、茶室等公共属性相对较强的功能安置在首层，首层对内外庭院借景的需求因而更强。既要借景，又要避免视线延伸至外围工业建筑，外庭之外的围墙提供了视线的限定，外立面也得以借景而不见窗，解放出首层的开窗自由。

We used a moderate amount of flexibility to purposefully arrange light and courtyards within the traditional order, creating an uninterrupted spatial sequence of The straight entry corridor – Vestibule – Courtyard – Colonnade – Small Courtyard – Stairs -Corridor on the second floor. Entering the building, offices, dining rooms, and tea rooms with relatively strong public attributes are located on the ground floor. This floor has a stronger need for borrowing scenery from both inside and outside the quadrangle. We managed to achieve this while avoiding extending the view towards the industrial buildings. The outer wall limits the view, while the facade remains hidden from view, giving the ground floor more freedom in window placement.

∇ 建筑入口，Building entrance ©张雷

∇ 入口甬道，The straight entry corridor ©张雷

∇ 门厅，Vestibule ©张雷

∇ 内院柱廊，Colonnade ©张雷

∇ 小庭院，Courtyard ©张雷

∇ 楼梯间，Stairs ©张雷

∇ 二层内廊，Corridor on the second floor ©张雷

空间序列与光线

Spatial sequence and Light

传统的合院民居虽强调制式，却往往不拘泥于制式，建造在不同的场地中，房子也会在制式的基础上“适应性”的生长。我们设计“四合院”，更希望灵活的传承制式而非原样搬运。适当的变通让我们得以有目的的组织空间与光线。光线在游览序列中都被特意地精心处理：或从拔高的门头一泻而下，或从廊道的格栅板上滤出，又或是透过外墙的空心砌块渗透进来。人们在院落与廊道被光冲洗后，方才进入室内。至此，有序而灵动的“新合院”空间序列才终告完整。

Traditional quadrangle-style dwellings stress form and standards but are not bound by it, allowing for flexibility in construction based on different sites. When designing this quadrangle, we wanted to maintain that flexibility while borrowing elements from ancient models. Light is carefully manipulated in each space: cascading down from an elevated vestibule, filtered through grating panels, or seeping through hollow bricks in outer walls. People are bathed in light after entering through these corridors before finally entering the interior spaces. Only then does the ordered and lively “new quadrangle” spatial sequence come to a complete whole.

∇ 门厅的光影，Shadow of Vestibule ©张雷

∇ 柱廊的光影，Shadow of Colonnade ©张雷

∇ 楼梯间的光影，Shadow of stairs ©张雷

结语

Epilogue

这原本是“盖一座四合院”这样一个命题清晰明了的项目，却因其独特的场域环境，被赋予了复杂的内涵，进而可以被更具体地操作。这个项目对我们来说是一个限定得比较明确的“命题作文”，我们需要在明确预算的前提，在“非居住”园区内设计一个，以传统“居住”建筑类型为原型的功能混合的建筑——工业园区配套服务用房。这本是一个在整个工业园区所有建筑项目中会被最简单、最集约设计和建造的建筑，而我们希望通过这个项目能够传达出一个理念——任何一个建筑都值得用心思考和建造，在尽量控制建筑投资的前提之下，生活和工作都值得被更好的建筑去容纳。我们利用简单的建造方式、普通的材料去建造一个不太普通的建筑。我们想，设计这样一栋建筑，并非造一栋“豪宅”，未必要借贵重的材料与复杂的建造抬高身价；转而把它视为一栋生产建筑则更不恰当。抛开塑造物理性内外环境的题中应有之义，我们把这个项目中对场所与空间处理理解为：对生产与生活两种行为发生交融时的平衡与调试。这个空间既需容纳主人眼下工作忙碌，也应寄托对诗意生活方式的向往。这是一个被精心设计过的简单盒子，是一个抽象得当的“四合院”，也是我们对这一命题的答案 —— 一个尽可能简单却又内涵丰富的容器，去容纳生活的复杂与矛盾。

This was originally a project with a straightforward task: “build a quadrangle,” but its unique site environment gave it a complex context that made it more challenging. This project was like a clearly defined composition assignment for us. Given a certain budget and within a “non-residential” context, we needed to design a mixed-use building based on traditional residential architecture prototypes and be used as an industrial park annex building. This building would have been one of the simplest and most intensively designed among all other Architectures in the industry campus, yet we hoped it could convey a message: every building deserves thoughtful consideration and construction, even within the constraints of controlling investment costs. We used simple construction methods and ordinary materials to create an extraordinary building. We don’t see this as building a “mansion,” rather we didn’t use expensive materials or complex construction techniques to add value; it would be more appropriate to consider it as a industry building instead. Leaving aside its physical environment, we see this project as about balancing work and life when they intersect. This space must accommodate its owner’s busy work life while also fulfilling his longing for poetic life. It’s a carefully designed simple white box, an appropriately sized quadrangle; it also our answer to this task- a vessel that’s as simple as possible but still rich in meaning, to accommodate life’s complexities and conflicts.

∇ 一层建筑平面，The first floor building plan

∇ 二层建筑平面，The second floor building plan

∇ 立面1，Facade 1

∇ 立面2，Facade 2

∇ 1-1剖面，Section 1-1

∇ 2-2剖面，Section 2-2

∇ 建筑轴测，The axis side view

项目信息

项目名称：方院——工业园区里的“四合院”
项目类型：建筑设计，建筑改造，室内设计
项目地点：云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州弥勒市工业园区内
设计单位：素造建筑
主创建筑师：郭旌董文杜杰
设计团队完整名单：郭旌董文杜杰尹晓文朱文逸张雷程春杨赵胜超杨宇航马丽娜李璟陆继行陈涛赵阳王慧涵
建成状态：建成
设计时间（起迄年月）：2021.11——2022.09
建设时间（起迄年月）：2022.05——2023.06
用地面积（平方米）：407.83㎡
建筑面积（平方米）：646.88㎡
建筑施工图：云南吉成园林设计有限公司
景观：云南吉成园林设计有限公司
摄影师：张雷（素造）